理解主旨和要义

——标题归纳题

一、标题归纳题常见的设问方式

1. Which of the following / What can be / may be / is the best title for the text?

2. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

3. Which one could be the best title of the passage?

4. The best / most suitable title for this text would be _____.

二、标题归纳题解题技巧

这种类型的考题考查考生准确理解全文、提炼信息、概括总结的能力。标题归纳题实质上与主旨大意题一样，考查的都是文章的主旨大意，只不过这两类题型的选项形式不同：前者通常是短语或短句，后者通常以一句话的形式出现。所以，解答主旨大意题的部分技巧对于标题归纳题同样适用。另外，解答标题归纳题时，还常用以下技巧：

1. 观察选项的概括度。所选标题必须能概括全文中心内容，可以是对文章关键词语的概括，也可以是对论点或各段意的综合概括。

2. 观察选项是否严谨、新颖。标题是文章的眼睛，既要严谨，也要新颖。

三、真题分析

以下内容均选编自高考真题，我们将结合上面提到的解题技巧对各题进行分析解答。

A

Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying (联合) voice across cultures.

Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.

It's Jason Moran's job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.

"Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite," Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan. "What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It's actually color, and it's actually digital."

Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. "The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same," says Moran.

Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a dance party, "just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music," says Moran. "For me, it's the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion (情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight (感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context," says Moran, "so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster."

1. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Exploring the Future of Jazz

B. The Rise and Fall of Jazz

C. The Story of a Jazz Musician

D. Celebrating the Jazz Day

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际爵士乐日的设立以及爵士乐现在面临的问题，并探讨了爵士乐的未来。

解答本题可运用“观察选项的概括度”法。文章介绍了国际爵士乐日的设立，讨论了爵士乐现在面临的问题，即未受到年轻一代的关注，且其娱乐方面的属性已经丢失，故A项“探索爵士乐的未来”作为标题最合适。B项曲解文意，文章不是介绍“爵士乐的兴衰”；C项无中生有，文章没有讲述“一个爵士乐音乐家的故事”；D项以偏概全，文章不是主要介绍“庆祝爵士乐日”。

B

The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named "DriveLAB" in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.

Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated (隔绝) and inactive.

Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.

These include custom-made navigation (导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: "For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others."

"But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to."

Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains:"The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems."

"For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We're looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that."

"We hope that our work will help with technological solutions (解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel."

2. What is the best title for the text?

A. A New Model Electric Car

B. A Solution to Traffic Problems

C. Driving Services for Elders

D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国纽卡斯尔大学的研究团队为保证老年人自行驾车从而能够独立生活而进行的辅助驾驶系统的研发。

解答本题可运用“观察选项的概括度”法。文章主要介绍了老年司机面临的问题。年龄大了，反应迟钝了些，适应不了有挑战性的路况，有时也因为超速被罚款，这让他们对驾驶失去了信心。同时，由于过早放弃驾驶，他们的身体健康状况和幸福感下降。研发团队致力于技术开发，来解决老年人的这些问题，让老年人可以一直“在路上”享受开车的自由和乐趣。D项的表述与此相符。